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political verse
Political verse (Greek: ''politikós stíkhos'', πολιτικός στίχος), also known as Decapentasyllabic verse (from Greek: ''dekapentasyllabos'', δεκαπεντασύλλαβος, lit. '15-syllable'), is a common metric form in Medieval and Modern Greek poetry. It is an iambic verse of fifteen syllables and has been the main meter of traditional popular and folk poetry since the Byzantine period. The name is unrelated to the concept of "politics" and does not imply political content of a poem; rather, it derives from the original meaning of the Greek word πολιτικός, 'civil' or 'civic', meaning that it was originally a form used for secular poetry. It is also called “ἡμαξευμένοι στίχοι” ("like-a-chariot-on-a-paved-road" verses, because the words “flow” freely like a running chariot).
== History ==
The political verse flourished from the 9th or 10th century, until the 19th and 20th centuries. It remains in use today, though, mainly by the type of “traditional” folk songs.
The term "political" has nothing to do with "politics". Political also means in Greek "civil" or "civic", and at the time it had the meaning "of everyday people".〔A typical use of the word "political" is found at poems of Stephanos Sahlikis, a Cretan poet during the Venetian rule, where he refers with the word "politikés" ("profane women") to prostitutes〕 The term appears as early as in the 11th century, and had probably been in use earlier. The first use of political verse in writing is attributed to John Tzetzes. His Book of Histories (Khiliades), in 12.000 verses, is written in political verse has the title: "Ιωάννου του Τζέτζου βιβλίον ιστορικόν το δια στίχων πολιτικών, άλφα καλούμενον..." (By John Tzetzes, book of histories in political verses, called alpha..."). A short "admonitory" poem of his contemporary, Michael Psellos, to the emperor Constantine IX Monomachos is titled: ΣΤΙΧΟΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΑ ΚΥΡΟΝ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΝ ΤΟΝ ΜΟΝΟΜΑΧΟΝ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ (''Political verses to the Emperor Kyr'' (Sire) ''Constantine Monomachos on Grammar'').
Earlier examples can be found in the older Greek poetry that used metres based on prosody, as in the poetry of Gregory of Nazianzus (4th century) and even earlier. Examples can be found even in some Homeric verses, but it isn't clear if that occurrence was intentional or incidental.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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